Case Management of Metastatic carcinoid of the Foregut,Midgut and Hindgut:the relevance of Ki-67 prognostication

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Introduction: The predictive value of tumor grade in the prognosis of carcinoid is insufficient and somehow misleading. The grade and differentiation in carcinoid tumors must be seen in conjunction with the Ki-67 index. The Ki-67 protein is a cellular marker for proliferation, present during all active phases of the cell cycle (G1, S, G2 and mitosis) and absent from resting cells (G0). It is therefore an excellent marker to determine the growth fraction of a given cell population. The Ki-67 labelling index is often correlated with the clinical course of carcinoid.

Aim(s): To demonstrate the clinical importance of Ki-67 assessment in the management and prognosis of metastatic carcinoid.

Materials and methods: Selected case studies of patients exhibiting foregut, midgut and hindgut carcinoids are discussed, with a specific focus on the Ki-67 status and how this marker was used to guide the management of these patients.

Conference: 7th Annual ENETSConcerence (2010)

Presenting Author: Szpak W

Authors: Szpak W, Stapleton G,

Keywords: neuroendocrine tumors, carcinoid, Ki-67 index, grading, CgA levels, surgical management, prognosis ,